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The neo-liberal readjustments of societies worldwide to meet the demands of economic globalization have been accompanied by a depletion of traditional modernist, humanist, and pastoral ideologies, values, and practices. New relations between capital and labor, bodies and the state, inclusion and exclusion, belonging and extraterritoriality have taken shape. Some of these realignments have resulted in surprising new outcomes (for example, the emergence and applications of democratic ideas and ideals of “medical” and “sexual” citizenship1 in countries such as Brazil and India, which have challenged international patent laws and trade restrictions to expand the production and distribution of generic, lifesaving drugs), while others have reproduced all too familiar inequalities.